是什麼原因導致 COVID-19 核酸檢測出現假陰性?

什麼是 COVID-19 假陰性? 這意味著某項測試的結果實際上應該是陽性的, 但由於操作等原因結果為負, 裝置, 個人身體特徵, ETC.

多次陰性檢測後獲得陽性結果, throat swab samples were negative for multiple tests but finally positive results were detected in respiratory lavage fluid samples, nucleic acid tests were negative but CT imaging screening showed the characteristics of new coronavirus pneumonia.

A sample that should have been positive actually tested negative.

所以, what causes a false-negative nucleic acid test for COVID-19?

• The problem of low viral load

The impact of sampling period: in the early stage of infection, after the patient gradually recovers, and patients with intermittent detoxification carry a low viral load, which may cause “假陰性” in the test.

The influence of sampling site: 支氣管肺泡灌洗液, deep sputum > 鼻拭子 > pharyngeal swab The sampling depth and intensity all affect the viral load.

• Problems with detection reagents

The efficiency and purity of nucleic acid extraction, differences in the sensitivity of in vitro diagnostic reagents, and virus variability.

• Other reasons

The operation is not standardized enough, and the clinical laboratory is not standardized enough.

How to deal with “假陰性” in laboratory tests

1. The patient’s disease course

During different disease stages, the viral load in the patient’s body varies. 例如, in the early stage of infection, the patient’s own viral load is low, which may result in a “假陰性” 測試.

After the patient gradually recovered, the viral load gradually decreased, and the positive rate of nucleic acid test decreased accordingly. Faced with this situation, it is recommended to carry out multiple nucleic acid tests at different times, conduct regular nucleic acid tests for key populations, and make clinical observations and data summaries.

2. Sampling site

The collection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and deep sputum is better than nasopharyngeal swab, and the collection of 鼻拭子 is better than 口咽拭子. In order to ensure the accuracy of the results, it is recommended to use the nasopharyngeal + oropharyngeal swab method, 那是, to collect nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs at the same time for testing.

3. Sampling accuracy

The depth and intensity of the sampling should be sufficient. For the collection of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, it is necessary to obtain the deeper epithelial cells in order to detect the presence of the virus.

4. Detection of kit quality differences

There are some differences in the quality of test kits today. With joint efforts and continuous optimization and progress of technology, it will gradually improve. False negatives or false positives caused by reagent problems can be replaced by reagents without batch numbers or manufacturers for comparative testing.

5. Other methods

Suspected cases with a negative nucleic acid test for the new coronavirus can be tested for IgM antibodies as an indicator for supplementary diagnosis. (The new coronavirus IgG antibody test is also used to determine whether you have been infected)