Mycoplasma genitalium is a lesser-known but increasingly recognized sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can cause a variety of symptoms and health issues. In this blog post, we will explore what Mycoplasma genitalium is, how it is diagnosed, and the treatments available.
What is Mycoplasma Genitalium?
Mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium) is a type of bacteria that causes sexually transmitted infections. Discovered in the early 1980s, it has been linked to conditions such as urethritis in men and cervicitis in women. It is also associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and infertility.
Symptoms of Mycoplasma Genitalium
In Women
- Vaginal discharge
- Pain during intercourse
- Pelvic pain
- Intermenstrual bleeding
In Men
- Urethral discharge
- Burning sensation during urination
- Pain or discomfort in the urethra
Diagnosing Mycoplasma Genitalium
Diagnosis typically involves collecting a vaginal swab, endocervical swab, or male urethral swab and testing it for the presence of the bacteria using specialized laboratory techniques.
Vaginal Swab
Collect vaginal fluid sample using the MEIDIKE GENE® vaginal swab by contacting the swab to the lower third of the vaginal wall and rotating the swab for 10 to 30 seconds to absorb fluid. Immediately place the swab into the transport tube and carefully break the swab shaft against the side of the tube. Tightly screw on the cap.
Endocervical Swab
Remove excess mucus from the cervical os and surrounding mucosa using the cleaning swab. Discard this swab. Insert the specimen collection swab (blue-shaft swab in the package with green printing) into the endocervical canal. Gently rotate the swab clockwise for 10 to 30 seconds in the endocervical canal to ensure adequate sampling. Withdraw the swab carefully; avoid contact with the vaginal mucosa. Remove the cap from the swab specimen transport tube and immediately place the specimen collection swab into the transport tube. Carefully break the swab shaft at the scoreline; use care to avoid splashing of the contents. Recap the swab specimen transport tube tightly.
Male Urethral Swab
The patient should not have urinated for at least one hour prior to specimen collection. Insert the specimen collection swab (blue-shaft swab in the package with the green printing) 2 to 4 cm into the urethra. Gently rotate the swab clockwise for two to three seconds in the urethra to ensure adequate sampling. Withdraw the swab carefully. Remove the cap from the swab specimen transport tube and immediately place the specimen collection swab into the specimen transport tube. Carefully break the swab shaft at the scoreline; use care to avoid splashing of contents. Recap the swab specimen transport tube tightly.
Treatment Options for Mycoplasma Genitalium
Treating Mycoplasma genitalium typically involves a course of antibiotics. However, the bacteria have shown resistance to some common antibiotics, making treatment more complex.
Antibiotic Therapy
The first line of treatment often includes antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline. However, due to rising antibiotic resistance, a combination of medications may be necessary.
Follow-up Testing
After completing antibiotic treatment, follow-up testing is recommended to ensure the infection has been eradicated. This helps prevent the spread of the infection and reduces the risk of complications.
Preventing Mycoplasma Genitalium
Safe Sex Practices
Using condoms and having open communication with sexual partners about STIs can significantly reduce the risk of transmission.
Regular Screening
Regular STI screening is essential, especially if you have multiple sexual partners or are in a high-risk group. Early detection and treatment can prevent complications and the spread of the infection.
